THE SPREAD AND CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS IN COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH CENTER, GBOR-TONGOV KASINA-ALA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, BENUE STAE FROM 2001-2010
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
It
is sometimes difficult to recall how it all started, how we arrived at this
stage of our journey through a global disaster, engaging one of the most
serious threat to public health in our lifetime. The story began a long time
ago. AIDS was to enter the world’s consciousness and became part of the
vocabulary of the human soul as a result of a dawning awareness of the advent
of a new and strange disease first reported in California, in 1981. In July
1981, the New York Times reported an outbreak of a rare form of cancer among
gay men in New York and California, first referred to as the "gay
cancer"; but medically know as Kaposi
Sarcoma. About the same time,
emergency rooms in New York City began to see a rash of seemingly healthy young
men presenting with fevers, flu like symptoms, and a pneumonia called Pneumocystis. About a year later, the
CDC (Centers for Disease Control) link the illness to blood and coins the term
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). In that first year over 1600 cases
were diagnosed with close to 700 deaths (CDC, 1981). Probably, no one actually
expected the magnitude of the epidemic that was in the making. However,
evidence of a gathering storm was soon arriving. The presence of related
retroviruses in African monkeys and apes and the close relationship of HIV to a
Chimpanzee Immunodeficiency virus all suggest that Central Africa may have been
the site of evolution of HIV. Some people think that there are other possible
origins of HIV. One of these is the suggestion that HIV was a deliberate or
accidental product of biological warfare research. That is not possible, since
the technology and the basic knowledge that would have been necessary to create
such a virus had not been developed in 1975, when the epidemic began to grow.
HIV
is a virus. Viruses infect the cells of living organisms and replicate (make
new copies of themselves) within those cells. A virus can also damage human
cells, which is one of the things that can make an infected creature become
ill. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. People can become infected with HIV
from other people who already have it, and when they are infected they can then
go on to infect other people. Basically, this is how HIV is spread. HIV stands
for the 'Human Immunodeficiency Virus'.
Someone who is diagnosed as infected with HIV is said to be 'HIV+' or 'HIV
positive'.
The
full name of AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. As the name implies,
it is a disease caused by a deficiency in the body’s immune system. It is a syndrome because there are a range of
different symptoms which are not always found in each case. It is acquired because AIDS is an
infectious disease caused by a virus which is spread from person to person
through a variety of routes. This makes it different from immune deficiency
from other causes such as treatment with anti-cancer drugs or immune system
suppressing drugs given to persons receiving transplant (Hubley, 1995).
A damaged immune system is not only more
vulnerable to HIV, but also to the attacks of other infections. It will not
always have the strength to fight off things that would not have bothered it
before. As time goes by, a person who has been infected with HIV is likely to
become ill more and more often until, usually several years after infection,
they become ill with one of a number of particularly severe illnesses. It is at
this point that they are said to have AIDS - when they first become seriously
ill, or when the number of immune system cells left in their body drops below a
particular point. Different countries have slightly different ways of defining
the point at which a person is said to have AIDS rather than HIV. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
is an extremely serious condition, and at this stage the body has very little
defense against any sort of infection.
No
one knows exactly where the AIDS virus came from but many scientists like
Jasmine (2000:14) think it originated in Africa. According to Jasmine (2000:14) theory,
sometime in the past, one of the monkey viruses undergo a change mutation that
enabled it to survive in the human body. This mutation was passed on to the
virus’s “offspring” and eventually some of the mutated viruses found their way
into the human body, perhaps, as a result of a person being bitten or by eating
a monkey (monkey brains are popularly found in Africa). Once inside the human
body the virus may have mutated further until it become the virus known today
as the AIDS Virus. Regardless of exactly where it started, AIDS is now a
cankerworm that has eaten deep into the world population today, as the case
maybe, taking a case study of those admitted in Comprehensive Health Centers
Gbor-Yowgon Kasina-Ala Local Government, Benue State from 2001-2010.
AIDS
was discovered in America in the year 1981 by Dr, Montegor, California
University. But today, AIDS has been reported in over every countries of the
world.
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