THE EFFECT BROKEN HOME ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

                                                             

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Family is the basic unit of a society.   This is the most important component of a country. A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated   to the word ‘house’ but a house is more appropriately   referring to the material structure, whereas ‘home’ refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keeps together the mother, father and their children. The Family is an essential factor for a human’s whole-being, everything about a man, his background, attitude, all of his achievements, his honor and dignity, relies on the structure of the family a man lives in with. A family is composed of a father a mother and their offspring, bonded by their love for each other.

        Broken home is a term used to describe a household, usually in reference to parenting, in which the family unit does not properly function according to accepted societal norms. The concept of broken homes contributed to the falling standard of education in the country. It is based on this premise that this research work dealt with the impact of broken homes and students` academic performance in secondary schools in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River state.

      According to Collins Advanced Dictionary of English, define home as a family unit. It’s composed of the father, mother, children, and sometimes with any other members of the extended family, it is a place where one lives with one’s family. It is an institution where each member needs care, love, comfort, and sense of security. This household might suffer from domestic violence, a dissolved marriage, drug abuse, or anything else that interferes with the upbringing of children. The phrase 'Broken Home' is more commonly used when either the mother or father is not part of the family due to bad circumstances, as mentioned above, which makes a child's upbringing suffer. It is less commonly used for parents who have simply split up, and are still not in contact, and on good terms with the child.

         However, there are homes that are incomplete in one way or another everywhere in the globe. Death or divorce may be the cause and they may have disastrous effects on a child’s development, in other cases the injuries may be insignificant. Judging the situation of a child of a ‘broken home’ is never easy. A divorce is often followed by a long period of deep dissention, which certainly means emotional strain and discord. As a rule, the child cannot be protected by this or kept in ignorance of it.

         It is obvious, though, that on an average, a broken home situation has injurious effects. These seem reason to suppose that dissention in a home increases the risk of phobia and reduces resistance to stress (Sandstrom, 2005). Even so, the way that these children struggle to live a normal life and being used to so many problems somehow bring positive effect to them. They may have developed a character stronger than the others who were given the opportunity to live a normal life. In an ideal atmosphere, Children should happily be with their parents, children appreciated the love of their parent towards them, one of the tasks that should be fulfilled by parents, is to educate their children because the education of children does not start from school. This is because live schooling of students started from home. A home is not the walls of the house but the people who live on it make a home. A home also became a house when is not broken. Hemm (1970), broken home means a heroic in which the parents are separated or divorced or are no more by either as a result of death. Children from such home lack proper care and security. The suffering of such children could be seen in differed dimension.

        In most cases, adequate parental and affection may not be given to the children properly by the adopted parents that is the guardian. Unfortunately for the children who find themselves in this situation are neglected by their pear groups and society instead of being love and care for however, the present day in Nigeria.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

An overwhelming number of poor and minority students are victim of separated parent trying to meet up with the struggle of life.

These set students are confronted with many problems such as lack of parental care, domestic violence, teenage pregnancy etc.

In our society, children are sometimes exposed at an early age to all sort of dangers arising from malnutrition, diseases and various temptation of surviving due to absence of one or both of their parents. Student’s life in broken homes is observed to be associated with emotional stress that can impair intellectual development, thereby giving way for such children to grow up without being trained properly.

However, absence of one or both parents deprives young children of the stable love, care, security and total support they have been accustomed to and tend to make children different in the eyes of the peer group. If children are asked where the missing parent is or why they have a new parent to replace the missing parents, they become embarrassed and ashamed. They may also feel guilty and unwanted by the society, such stressful situation leads to psychological, emotional and intellectual imbalance in growing children. These subsequently result to quitting from school or poor academic achievement of science student as education require critical thinking, relax mind and proper family support to be able to perform to expectation in the area. Hence it becomes necessary to investigate factors that cause broken homes with a view to finding solution to the problems for psychological well-being of growing children in our society, and these lead us to look at the effect of broken homes on science students’ education particularly in Calabar South local government.

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