The value and functionality of
any educational system lie in its ability to actualize the goals of education. In
educational systems, world over, the examination process makes the difference.
The goals of national educational systems and indeed national development
become like mirage if examination ethics is not encouraged and instituted
(Nwadiani, 2005). Till date, examinations still remain the best tool for an
objective assessment and evaluation of what learners have achieved after a
period of schooling. Hence, any action that undermines examinations poses a
great threat to the validity and reliability of examination results and
certification
In
Nigeria, the last two decades have witnessed an alarming rate of increase in
incidents of examination misconduct especially at secondary school level.
Evidences abound of increasing incidents of examination malpractice by
students, teachers and parents. Examination malpractice has become so
widespread that there is virtually no examination anywhere at all levels and
even outside the formal school system that there is no one forms of sharp
practice or the other. Every examination season witnesses the emergence of new
and ingenious ways of cheating. This paper addresses the problem of examination
malpractice in secondary schools in Nigeria, what sustains it, the consequences
of examination malpractice and the ways through which examination malpractice
could be curbed in order to give credibility to the examination process in the
country.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Examination
malpractice is a major challenge confronting the Nigeria education
system on this twenty first century. Examination malpractice is any act by
student invigilators, examiners, lecturers etc. that contravenes the ethics of
examination and result in a dearth of credibility of any assessment. The
federal ministry of education (2007) defined examination malpractices as “any
act of integrity of any assessment or evaluation system.” In 1973, the gravity
of irregularities at public examination caused member countries of the West
African examination council much concern to extent that the then federal
military government had to promulgate a decree spelling out penalties for
unethical behaviours at the then West African school certificate examination.
For instance, unethical behaviour such as illegal use of live question paper
and impersonation were punishable by fine of N 2,000,00 or five years
imprisonment or both, (Nwana, 1982).
In 1984, the Federal Government
of Nigeria enacted the famous decree 20-miscellaneous offences, which
stipulates a 21 years imprisonment without any option of fine for anyone caught
in any form of examination malpractice. In such attendant punishments one
should expect to have an end to examination leakages but unfortunately it is to
no avail. Examination malpractice permeates both internal and public
examination. There have been known cases of school teachers set question for
their student favorites before the actual examination are conducted. There are
cases of dons passing female undergraduates because of some extra academic
activities between them (Eze, 1982).
Examination malpractice is a
major challenge confronting the Nigeria education
system on this twenty first century. Examination malpractice is any act by
student invigilators, examiners, lecturers etc. that contravenes the ethics of
examination and result in a dearth of credibility of any assessment. The
federal ministry of education (2007) defined examination malpractices as “any
act of integrity of any assessment or evaluation system.” In 1973, the gravity
of irregularities at public examination caused member countries of the west
African examination council much concern to extent that the then federal
military government had to promulgate a decree spelling out penalties for
unethical behaviours at the then West African school certificate examination.
For instance, unethical behaviour such as illegal use of live question paper
and impersonation were punishable by fine of N 2,000,00 or five years
imprisonment or both, (Nwana, 1982).
In 1984, the Federal Government
of Nigeria enacted the famous decree 20-miscellaneous offences, which
stipulates a 21 years imprisonment without any option of fine for anyone caught
in any form of examination malpractice. In such attendant punishments one
should expect to have an end to examination leakages but unfortunately it is to
no avail. Examination malpractice permeates both internal and public
examination. There have been known cases of school teachers set question for
their student favorites before the actual examination are conducted. There are
cases of dons passing female undergraduates because of some extra academic
activities between them (Eze, 1982). ..............
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