CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Teaching
is a process of assisting a learner to acquire knowledge and skills or experiences that
could foster effectiveness in the later age. Thus, once a child learns what he
has been taught teaching is said to have taken place. During the
teaching/learning process, the teacher has to adopt a particular method or
methods to impact knowledge to the learners coupled with useful materials that
could help a learner to learn. The careful selection and orderly arrangement of
the various elements of the curriculum materials and the various ways or the
general pattern of approach in which they are introduced to the learner
constitutes the instructional process.
The
idea of adopting and using materials and equipments to enhance effectiveness in
the instructional process is as old as mankind. The wise teacher will always
use equipments or aids in form of instructional materials to help the learners
understand and learn better. This, he does alongside an appropriate method of
instruction. Udeh (1994) as cited in Olumba (2007), emphasized that, the Greek
mathematics had diagrams drawn on sand and Jesus Christ who was one of the
greatest teacher made continued use of materials and illustrations during the
course of his teachings. He added that, his special reference was to what they
could see, touch, manipulated etc to drive home his message.
Ukwueze
(2003) cited that, the use of instructional materials and methods is still
being practical in our traditional society. This, he cited that traditional
mothers not only teach their daughters the methods of cooking food but also the
ingredients (materials to be used in cooking activity and teaching an
enterprising venture, Awonji (1998) affirms that, the use of instructional materials
and good strategies in teaching and learning environment is very important as
they make lesson experiences more concrete and realistic in learners. He added
that, if instructional materials and effective methods were used in our
traditional society to aid teaching and learning especially social studies,
then one can deduced that our present form and provisions of education which
instructional materials are almost an abstract subject.
Most
often teaching especially in social studies is done with inadequate
instructional materials which will result in learners not understanding the
lessons taught and if the lesson is not understood, it leads to a qualitative
failure in examination. From the above, one can gather that, the use of
instructional materials coupled with adequate and effective methods in the
teaching of social studies in the learning situation is very crucial.
Ike
(2002) referred that, instructional materials are device which present a
complete body of information and are largely self supporting rather than
supplementary in teaching or learning process. They are information carrying
technologies that are used for instructional purpose with the hope of
delivering educational information very quickly and very vividly too. These
instructional materials / media. This implies that, makers of instructional
materials should make sure. That they are prepared in a way that they will be
real and meaningful to learners. It is also important to note that though
instructional materials can be good and self supporting, it still requires
skilled and knowledge teachers to use them to make teaching / learning more
effective to the learners and creates clearer conditions for conceptual
thinking among learners.
Ikwuzom
(2001) opined that instructional materials and methods enables the teacher to
widen the experiences of his students. This is done by exposing the students
into a variety of experiences that would enable them see things that exist
outside their immediate environment. With the use of films for instance, students
see far communities and settlements and how people lie there. Thus, when
students see things they could not have seen without instructional materials,
their experiences will be broaden and depend.
Social
studies on its own is very rich in instructional materials and methods for its
effectiveness. This is true because the whole environment of man with all the
things in it constitute the laboratory for social studies. The dynamic nature
of social studies education makes it paramount for the teachers of social
studies to use instructional materials to enable the students quickly relate
their classroom to the environment they live in and interact.
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