POVERTY AND CRIME RATE IN NIGERIA,
(2008-2010): A CASE STUDY OF CALABAR SOUTH LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA”
1.1 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The effects of Poverty on Nigerians are
multidimensional. This is to say its has negative influences amongst others on
the socio-cultural, economic, political, moral, health, security and
educational lives of the people using the multidimensional schematic framework
of underdevelopment, the effects of desolate poverty manifest in, low per
capita income, low consumption level, poor health services, high death rate,
high birth limited freedom to choose between variables that satisfy human
wants, poor educational and other social services with its attendant
consequences of lack of shelter, homelessness, hunger, both the body and the
mind, malnutrition, target for diseases and sickness, short life expectancy,
mental retardation, and political alienation, to mention but a few. This
situation which is a self-reinforcing phenomenon tends to perpetuate
undesirable consequences which leads to other social vices.
As noted by Adams (2004: 54), poverty
has several consequences. One of such consequences is that poverty creates
social vices such as armed robbery, stealing, prostitution, drug peddling etc.
This is because every human being wants to get the best out of life, and when
such basic necessities of life are hard to come by, the natural tendency
is to engage in illicit activities in other to make ends meet. Cases of
prostitution armed robbery, stealing and drug use that abound in Nigeria today
arise from the biting ‘Pangs’ of Poverty, among the populace particularly in
the rural areas.
In his final analysis, Adams has
remarked that, poverty induces corruption in the sense that people who indulge
in corrupt practices, at both the private and official levels, do so to shield
themselves from poverty. Political and bureaucratic corruption thrive in our
society today because of the need to secure one’s life and that of one’s
immediate and, in some cases, extended family, against poverty.
Supporting the above view, Huntington
(1968:59), has contended that in modernizing states such as Nigeria, poverty
interfaces with corruption, and corruption subsist because of weak political
institutionalization. As a modernizing state, Nigeria, with weak political
institutions, lack the capacity to curb the excesses of personal and parochial
interest exhibited by public office-holders. Public-office-holders therefore
cash-in on these weaknesses and loot as much as they can from the national
tilts. Such stolen public funds are stached away in foreign vaults, far way
from the Nigeria economy.
With Calabar South Local Government Area
as our study area, this work will be interested in investigating the impact of
poverty on the level of crime rate in the area.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Though
successive governments have tried to address the issue of poverty, the effect
of the strategies and programmes has been that of mixed feelings.
Every government embarks on one form of
poverty reduction strategy or the other. However, what has not been answered is
the extent to which these programme have impacted on the poor people that is the
target population. Still, it seems that the efforts of various government are
ineffective and therefore not much has been done to actualized the benefits.
Also, the most disturbing is the fact
that despite the amount of resources committed to those program the poverty
situation still get worst, and more and more people region instead of escaping.
The inability of government efforts to
reduce the level of poverty in the society has led to some undesired
consequences, and one of such is the increase in crime rate in the society. It
is common knowledge that poverty and crime go, hand-in-hand. Crime prevents so
many things from thriving by increasing instability and uncertainty (at micro
and macro economic levels) in the market, be it national, regional, municipal
or even neighborhood.
The vicious cycle of poverty and crime
on the other hand has the capacity to take an economy into a vicious cycle that
causes unemployment and low growth which indicates that economic cycles may
affect change in poverty and violent crimes. But most important of all, the
characteristic of poverty and crime is that they are both geographically
concentrated in the same areas, that is where one find poverty is also where
crime exist. And this reveals the strong connections between the two issues.
This study attempts to examine the following problems:
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