CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Cooperative
society is a group of people who have bunched themselves together to carry on a
business enterprise for the benefit of all of the members, which acting as an
individual could not do or could do well. Cooperative then is the organization
of a group of people who have provided their own self help user group enterprise.
It is an association of persons, usually of limited means, who have voluntarily
joined together to achieved a common economic end through the formation of a
democratically controlled business organization making equitable contribution
to the capital required and accepting a fair share of the risks and benefits of
the undertaking. Cooperative society objectives are to foster economic
development, provide social justice and strengthening political democracy
(Ebonyi and Jimo 2002).
So
many claims and counter claims have been made by researchers, concerning the
historical development of cooperative such as Benjamin Franklins: Mutual Fire
Insurance company in Philadelphia in 1752, International Cooperative society
founded in Lennoxton in Scotland in 1812, Robert Owen era, Dr. William King
(1825-1830) and Rochdale Equitable pioneers (Ntia 1999).
Cooperative
societies as we know today, are based on a set of principles. These principles
have been used as the distinguishing characteristics of the cooperative organization
the world over. They included open membership, democratic control, promotion of
members education, political and religious neutrality limited interest on
capital and service at cost.
The
aims of cooperative organizations are to establish credit agencies thereby
permitting greater productive investments of accumulated capital funds, impart
business management into other areas both horizontally and vertically, to
accumulate capital in various ways including the pulling of members investments
to assists in the development of other cooperative institution necessary for
the establishment of general economic and social development. It is critical
that the attainment of these objectives transcends the singular activities of
the cooperative organization members and necessarily entails the activities of
others bodies outside the organization.
There
are various types of cooperative societies in Nigeria. Important among these
are the farmers or Agricultural cooperatives which consist of produce
marketing, credit and thrift, group farming and fish farming societies, (b)
cooperative building societies (c) crafts and Artisan Artisan societies (d)
consumer cooperative like the cooperatives Banks and Printing press.
Government
initiative or participation is usually needed to establish cooperative
organization in Nigeria. Such participation may be in the form of providing
training schools, research, regulations grants and preferential treatments in
procurement direct organization.
Adult
participation is the engagement in activities with others. Being a member and
taking part in a group activities is group or social participation.
Participation in most formal associations has been measured in terms of holding
of membership regular attendance at meetings, holding workshops, symposium
debate, Discussions listening to Radio, watching television, Demonstration
visit and excursions, using posters and pamphlets, leaflets Articles in news
papers and periodicals serving in committies going out to actually work for the
association. Thus participation is often thought of in terms of opportunity for
social interaction in formal groups as well as identification with the
groups ideal and objectives (Ekong,
2003).
The
media is all formal channels of mass communication. It is an indispensable
institution in every society. Given its basic function of information
disseminating, the media becomes a crucial element of the social system. It
ensures general diffusion of knowledge about life, thus influencing many aspect
of the social cultural, political and economic pattern of the society. But when
the media is not used in any organization, it brings problem for people to
participate very well in any organization. The thrust of this study therefore,
is to examine the problems associated with use of media in encouraging
societies.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The role of media in cooperative
societies cannot be over emphasized. Given its basic function of information
dissemination, the media becomes a crucial element in the social system. It
ensures a general diffusion of knowledge about life and cooperative societies,
thus influencing many agents of the socio-cultural, political economic patterns
of the society. In this regard media enriches and helps to improve the fabric
of cooperative societies. Despite its role in both the society in general and
cooperative societies in particular, media is costly running, poor reading
culture, low literacy level of the populace, there is poor enhancing supply,
the language of communication in some media programmes at time does not ensure
that the people known what programs, the government has for them and what role
they are expected to perform urban centre media most print materials restrict
calculation to urban centres perhaps because of poor communication facilities
with the interior. It is in view of this that the researcher is writing on
problems associated with the use of media in encouraging participation of
adults in cooperative societies.
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