CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the study
Education
as a tool for the empowerment and sustainable development is indispensable both
to the individual and at the state at large. This is one of the major
philosophical objective that education is set to achieve as entrenched in the
national policy on education (FRN 2004). Education is held as a major tool that
can liberate a man from the fangs of properly managed and administered. Some of
such poverty indicators which education tackles are identified by UBE (2002) to
include ignorance hunger, lack, complex and social weakness among others.
Education should be that, that
guarantees the development of sterling qualities and skills that will enable
them embrace that challenge of leadership and practical statesmanship in the
affairs of this country Nigeria. It should also empower them towards economic
self-reliance and minimum productivity for sustainable development, which tend
to poverty eradication.
All these cannot be achieved without
proper administration by the administration of schools.
Administration
as a field of practice which is traceable to the ancient times is according to
facilities to Okeke (2002). The component part of management concerned with
facilitating the accomplishment of the objectives of an organization through
the systematic management of constraints and careful initialization of the 2
available limited resources which include human material equipment, supplies,
finance, space and work techniques or technology administrators. Unlike the
managers are implementers of policies rather than formulators of polices. They
involved such elements or activities as planning, organizing, programming,
staffing, budgeting, co-coordinating, reporting and evaluating but on a smaller
scale when compared to management.
Administration is very important in
every organization and education as an organization cannot do without good
administrators. The process of education in school system is than referred to
as educational administration, school administration therefore is the planning
and implementation of the school programme or activities through proper
organization co-ordination, reporting, budgeting, staffing evaluating and so
on.
Education which starts from primary
school according to Apera (1998) present an effective instrument for addressing
issues of poverty, underdevelopment governance nd human rights among other
social economic neds required to make the individual more receptive to
development.
In their own art Enoh, Banjama and
Onwuka (1992) view primary education as the education given to children between
6 and 11 plus. It is the level of education in which the rest of education
system built upon and because of this it need proper management and administration.
It is believed that good administration in this lower level of education will
bring, enforce the objectives of NPE (2004) on primary school which stated as
follows:-
a. Conscious
effort to make the pupils inculcate permanent library, innumeracy and ability
to communicate effectively,
b. Lay
a sound education as a basis for effective participation in and contribute to
the life of the society.
c. Mould
the character and develop sound attitude in a child, the ability to adapt to
child’s changing environment.
d. Give
the child opportunities for developing manipulative skill that the society
within the limits of the child’s capacity.
e. Provide
the child with basic tools for preparation and crafts of the locality.
The
national policy on education of year 1981 introduces the 6-3-3-4 system of
education, which includes a character and moral training, and development of
sound altitude.
i. Developing
in the child the ability to adapt to his changing environment.
ii. Citizenship
education as basis for effective participation in and contribution to the life
society.
However
for primary education to achieve its desired goal depends on how it is being
administered by the appropriate bodies. An administration has been defined as
the process of organizing, planning, controlling, co-ordinating, commanding,
communicating and directing human and material resources toward attainment of
pre-determined goals.
Educational Administration is
therefore the process by which educated persons utilize their knowledge to
plan, organize, command, co-ordinate, control, communicated and direct human
and material resource to achieve educational set goals.
In
the view of the need for proper administration of primary education in the country,
the Federal Government promulgated decree No-96 of 1993 which established four
bodies at the federal state, local government and community levels for the
administration of primary education.
The
national primary education commission established at federal level and the
commission is responsible for disbursing money from foundational fund to the
state primary board. The national fund for primary education contributed by the
federal, state and local Government and the commission disburses the fund.
The state primary education board
established management of primary school in the state, recruitment,
appointment, promotion and discipline of teaching and non-teaching staff on
grade level of and above, posting and deployment of staff including inter state
transfer. Assessment and payment of salaries and allowances of teaching and
non-teaching staff.
The authority is established for each
local government area of the state. It is subject to the control of the state
primary education board perform these functions, day to day administration of
the primary school in its area of junction, making recommendation to the
education board on promotion and discipline teaching and non teaching staff on
grade level 07 and above in its area of jurisdiction payment of salaries,
allowances and benefits to all the teacher and non-teaching staff undertaking
general maintenance of primary school building and infrastructure its of
jurisdiction etc.
Statement of the Problem
Like any other form of administration,
educational administration, be it at the primary, post primary, or tertiary
level, is becoming increasingly difficult. The rapid increase in the number of
schools, number of teachers and pupils at the primary school level, no doubt,
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