THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL BACKGROUND ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study

The home in Africa is quite varied and children from each of this various homes attend the same school. These variations do not take time to manifest in the school setting, since the child spends more of his time in the home than in school. Studies like that of Adelusi (2003) posited that the home could either be a motivating or an inhibiting factor to a child’s learning at school especially when it is clear that the home is the first social group with which the child comes in contact.

The home traditionally is made of a man, his wife and children if any. At the arrival of child, the husband and his wife become parents. Such a family or home is known as a nuclear family. It may be a small or large one when the children increase in number. But in Nigeria as well as other African countries, we usually have such people as the grandparents, the wife sisters or the husband’s brother and other relations living in the same household. Such a family may be small or large and is termed the extended family.

The home, whether rural or urban can be categorized into the following backgrounds; the rich, the average and the poor, Philip (2003). Each of these variants has it own socio-culture milieu which influences the child born and brought up in it.  Therefore, within a given milieu, rural and urban children emerge from overcrowded benefit of security as opposed to homes where love, plenty and enhanced peer sibling influence exist. Campbell (2000) and Veron (2003) maintained that the achievement a child makes during his school days is largely dependent on the type of home to which he belongs. This means that a child whose parents take great interest in what he does at school and support him has a great advantage over a child whose parents do not give any attention at all. Some parents do not give their children enough time to study and rest at the appropriate time, consequently, the children performs poorly at school.

Asley and Brian (2007) stated that the child is being born knowing nothing of his society but knowing the potential to learn of his society. The home provides the biological traits, qualities, and natural endowment potentialities, which directs a person’s human characteristics and upon which all other attributes are built- it offers the psychological and social needs for the growth and development of the child, (Brian, 2003).

The poor academic performance of secondary school students in Ukwa Local Government of Area State. The problems of poor academic performance is attributed to some home background variables. Home background variables, such as family size, parental education, parental academic achievement of students.

The interest of this research has been activated by the fact that all the effort made by Abia State government to improve the academic performance of secondary school students has not yielded the desired result. The research believes that researching into the following background variables (family size and marital status) will no small measure provide solutions to the problems of poor academic performance of secondary school students in Ukwa Local Government Area.

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