THE EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY ONE STUDENTS IN BIASE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF CROSS RIVER STATE

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

This study focuses on the effects of child abuse in Nigeria using Biase Local Government Area of Cross river State as a case study. This study will therefore identified the major effects of child abuse that stands as a bottleneck in Nigeria most especially among the senior secondary one students in Biase Local Government Area.

It therefore implies that, this research will look at the effects of the child abuse on the academic performance of students basically senior secondary one (S.S.1) students in Biase Local Government Area.

According to the united Nation (UN) standard, child abuse is a condition of causing or permitting to occur, any form of offensive or harmful contact on the body of the child, such a contact incorporated any form of interaction, exchange or communication that brings shame, embarrassment, fear or disgrace to the child.

This therefore, underscores the need to treat the child with dignity and as an entity who when his feeling and emotional disposition are unaffectionately tempered with, may degenerate into crisis.

However, a child is abuse if a recent act or failure to act on the part of a exploitation or any act or failure to act which involves imminent risk of serious harm (Khatric 2004).

Child abuse refers simply to the maltreatment of the child, hardly does a day pass by without a news report of a child who has been maltreated, battered, sexually harassed, neglected or abandoned by people who were suppose to look after them. Child abuse in Nigeria has a kind of institutionalized posture not until recently, when many writers, commentators and scholars have drawn the attention of the government and the general public to the incidence of child abuse. The persistence of child abuse has been attributed to some conditions that seems inevitable, and these conditions make families to fail in their duty to the child which include to ensure growth, to give right scope for emotional development and to preserve the art of parenthood as well as to teach behavior. With the alteration of society by rapid socio-economic and political changes various forms of child abuse have been identified, particularly in the rural areas such as in Biase Local Government Area, where the is increase in child labour and exploitation of children.          

Child abuse has been the cause of poor academic performances of S.S.1. Students in Biase Local Government Area. And this has constituted a serious problem which has becomes a cause for concerned to most people in different ways; it frustrates both the students and the teachers.

Teacher’s frustration stems from the very fact that students are not responsive enough in their lessons and yet both students and parents blame teachers for student’s poor performances. The teachers blame the students of lack of concentration and extra time to read at home. They also blame parents for failing to lay the right foundation on their children education.

Although this project will focus on the effect of child abuse on the academic performance of students in Biase Local Government Area of cross river state, The phenomenon by no means peculiar to Biase only, most urban and rural area have a share in child abuse and how it’s affects academic performance of senior secondary one [ S.S.1.] student.  

1.2     THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The theoretical background this study is very necessary, for scientific analysis and understand of a social problem a model for exploration is necessary. Therefore, there are various theories through which the incidence of child abuse can be explained namely; social learning theory, social cultural theories and type of cognitive development and instrumental conditioning.

I)    SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

  Albert Bandura is know has the originator of the social learning the in 1973, the foundation or the assumption of the theory is that, people learn within a social context, it is facilitated through concepts such as modeling and observational learning. People especially children, learn from the environment and seek acceptance from society by learning through influential models.

It is a theory with social behaviour (i.e. any type of behaviour that we display socially) is learned primarily by observing and imitating the actions of others, the social behaviour is also influenced by being rewarded and/or punished for these actions.

According to Albert, observational learning can occur in relation to three models. 

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